React JS Interview Questions and Answers
50+ React JS interview Questions & answers both for Freshers & Experienced of up to 3 years
- Last updated 30/6/2024
In today’s competitive job market, mastering React JS interview questions can make you stand out. This article is focused on helping you excel in your interviews with confidence.
We have compiled a list of the most frequently asked React JS interview questions, along with clear and brief answers.
Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced developer, these interview questions will improve your understanding and readiness. We cover everything from component lifecycle methods to hooks and state management.
Interview Questions for Fresher's
Questions No: 1 to 20
Interview Questions for 1-2 years
Questions No: 20 to 40
Interview Questions for 3+ Years
Questions No: 40 to 59
Interview Questions for Practical
Questions No: 60 to 65
React JS Questions With Answers For "Freshers"
Here are the Top 20 Most asked React JS Interview questions with answers for the candidates who want to start their careers as freshers. These are the most common questions for fresher candidates, so if you are a complete beginner and willing to get a job in React technology with 0 years of experience, you must go through these questions.
1. What is React?
React is a JavaScript library developed by Facebook for building user interfaces. It allows developers to create reusable UI components and efficiently manage the state of their applications.
2. What are the key features of React?
- Component-based architecture
- Virtual DOM for efficient rendering
- JSX syntax for writing HTML-like code in JavaScript
- One-way data binding
- React Native for building mobile applications
3. What is JSX and Why is it used in React?
JSX is a syntax extension for JavaScript that allows developers to write HTML-like code in their JavaScript files. It is used in React to describe the UI components, making the code more readable and easier to understand.
4. Explain the concept of Virtual DOM in React.
The Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the real DOM. React uses it to improve performance by minimizing the number of updates to the actual DOM. When the state of a component changes, React updates the Virtual DOM first, compares it with the actual DOM, and only updates the parts that have changed.
5. What is the difference between state and props in React?
State is used to manage internal data within a component, and it can be changed over time using the `setState` method. Props (short for properties) pass data from parent to child components and are immutable within the child component.
6. How does React handle data binding?
React uses a unidirectional data flow, where data flows from parent to child components. This means changes to the parent component’s state will automatically update the child component, not vice versa.
7. What are the components of React?
Components are the building blocks of a React application. They are reusable and independent pieces of UI that can be composed to create complex UIs.
8. Explain the lifecycle methods in React.
Lifecycle methods are called at specific points in a component’s life cycle, such as when it is mounted, updated, or unmounted. They allow developers to hook into these points to perform actions, such as fetching data or updating the UI.
9. What is the significance of keys in React lists?
Keys are used in React lists to give each list item a unique identity. They help React identify which items have changed, added, or removed and improve the performance of list rendering.
10. What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled components in React?
Controlled components are those whose value is controlled by React, typically through state. Uncontrolled components, on the other hand, manage their state internally.
11. How do you handle events in React?
In React, you can handle events using the `onClick,` `onChange,` and other event handler attributes. You can also pass data along with the event using arrow functions or binding the event handler in the constructor.
12. What is the purpose of the 'setState' method in React?
The ‘setState’ method is used to update the state of a component. When the state changes, React will re-render the component and its children to reflect the new state.
13. Explain the difference between functional components and class components in React.
Functional components are simple functions that return JSX, while class components are ES6 classes extending the `React. Component class. Functional components are used for simpler components, while class components are used for more complex components that need to manage state or use lifecycle methods.
14. What are higher-order components (HOC) in React?
Higher-order components are functions that take a component and return a new component with enhanced functionality. They are used to share standard functionality between components without repeating code.
15. How do you pass data between components in React?
Data can be passed between components in React using props. Props allow you to pass data from parent to child components, which can then be used to render the UI.
16. Explain the use of 'React Router' in React applications.
React Router is a library that allows you to handle routing in React applications. It provides a way to define different routes in your application and render different components based on the URL.
17. What are the advantages of using Redux with React?
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript applications. It can be used with React to manage the state of your application in a centralized store, making it easier to maintain and debug your application’s state.
18. How do you optimize a React application for better performance?
Some ways to optimize a React application for better performance include using the `shouldComponentUpdate` method to avoid unnecessary re-renders, using code splitting to load only the necessary code, and optimizing images and other assets.
19. What is the significance of using 'strict mode' in React?
Strict mode is a tool that highlights potential problems in your code and helps you write cleaner and safer code. It helps to catch common errors and deprecated features early in development.
20. Can you explain the concept of context in React?
Context is used to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. It is beneficial for passing data that many components need at different levels of the component tree.
React JS Questions With Answers For "1-2 years"
Here are the Top 20 Most asked React JS Interview questions with answers for the candidates who have 1-2 years of experience. These are the most common questions for experienced candidates, so if you are a complete beginner and willing to get a job in React technology with 1-2 years of experience, you must go through these questions.
21. What are the key differences between functional components and class components in React?
- Functional components are simple functions that return JSX, while class components are ES6 classes extending React Component.
- Functional components are preferred for simpler components, while class components are used for more complex components that need to manage state or use lifecycle methods.
22. What is the purpose of the 'useEffect' hook in React?
The ‘useEffect’ hook performs side effects in functional components. It replaces lifecycle methods like ‘componentDidMount,’ ‘componentDidUpdate,’ and ‘componentWillUnmount’ in class components.
23. How do you manage state in a functional component in React?
State can be managed in a functional component using the ‘useState’ hook. It returns a stateful value and a function to update it.
24. Explain the concept of hooks in React.
Hooks are functions that let you use state and other React features in functional components. They allow you to use state and other React features without writing a class.
25. What are higher-order components (HOC) in React? Can you provide an example of how you would use them?
Higher-order components are functions that take a component and return a new component with enhanced functionality. They are used to share common functionality between components without repeating code. Example: ‘withAuth’ HOC to protect routes that require authentication.
26. What is the purpose of the 'useState' hook in React? Can you provide an example of how you would use it?
The ‘useState’ hook is used to add state to functional components. Example: ‘const [count, setCount] = useState(0);’
27. How do you handle forms in React? Can you explain controlled and uncontrolled components?
React forms are typically handled using controlled components, where form elements like input, textarea, and select maintain their own state. Uncontrolled components do not keep their own state and are controlled by the DOM.
28. What are keys in React, and why are they important?
Keys are used to identify unique virtual DOM elements. They help React identify which items have changed, added, or removed and improve the performance of list rendering.
29. Explain the concept of lazy loading in React. How would you implement lazy loading in your application? and class components in React?
Lazy loading is a technique used to defer the loading of non-essential resources at the time of the initial page load. In React, you can use the `React.lazy` function along with the `Suspense` component to lazy load components.
30. What is the purpose of the 'useContext' hook in React? Can you provide an example of how you would use it?
The ‘useContext’ hook consumes context values created by the ‘React.createContext’ API. It allows you to access context values without nesting. Example: ‘const value = useContext(MyContext);’
31. Explain the concept of code splitting in React. How would you implement code splitting in your application?
Code splitting is a technique used to split your code into smaller bundles that can be loaded on demand. In React, you can use dynamic `import()` to implement code splitting.
32. How do you optimize performance in a React application?
Performance in a React application can be optimized by using memoization techniques, minimizing re-renders, lazy loading components, and optimizing images and other assets.
33. What are refs in React, and how are they used? Can you provide an example of how you would use them?
Refs are used to access the DOM nodes or React elements created in the render method. They are typically used to interact with the underlying DOM nodes directly. Example: ‘const inputRef = useRef(null);’
34. Explain the concept of context in React. How would you use context to share data between components?
The ‘useState’ hook is used to add state to functional components. Example: ‘const [count, setCount] = useState(0);’
35. What are portals in React, and how are they used?
Portals are a way to render children into a DOM node that is outside the parent component’s DOM hierarchy. They are often used to render modal dialogs or tooltips.
36. How do you handle routing in a React application? Can you explain how you would use React Router?
Routing in a React application is typically handled using the React Router library. You can define different routes in your application and render different components based on the URL.
37. Explain the concept of error boundaries in React. How would you implement an error boundary in your application?
Error boundaries are React components that catch JavaScript errors anywhere in their child component tree, log those errors, and display a fallback UI. You can implement an error boundary by creating a component that defines a ‘componentDidCatch’ method.
38. What are the advantages of using Redux with React? Can you provide an example of how you would use Redux in your application?
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript applications. It can be used with React to manage the state of your application in a centralized store, making it easier to maintain and debug your application’s state—for example, Actions, Reducers, and Store setup.
39. Explain the concept of hooks in React. Can you provide an example of a custom hook you have created?
Hooks are functions that let you use state and other React features in functional components. An example of a custom hook is the `useLocalStorage` hook to store and retrieve data from local storage.
40. How do you test React components? Can you explain the different testing libraries and frameworks available for React?
React components can be tested using libraries like Jest, Enzyme, and React Testing Library. Jest is a popular testing framework with built-in support for React, while Enzyme and React Testing Library provide additional utilities for testing React components.
Here are some of the most asked React JS coding tasks Interview questions with answers are for the candidates who want to get the job in React technology. T
React JS Questions With Answers For "3+ Years"
Here are the Top 20 Most asked React JS Interview questions with answers for the candidates who want to get the job in a higher position and already have 3+ years of experience in React technology. These are the most common questions for candidates carrying 3+ years of experience.
41. Explain the concept of reconciliation in React. How does React decide when to re-render components?
Reconciliation is the process through which React updates the DOM to match the virtual DOM. React decides when to re-render components based on changes to their state or props.
42. What are hooks in React? Can you explain how to use Effect and Memo hooks?
Hooks are functions that let you use state and other React features in functional components. ‘useEffect’ performs side effects in functional components, while ‘useMemo’ is used to memoize expensive computations.
43. What are the benefits of using server-side rendering (SSR) with React?
SSR improves the performance and SEO of React applications by rendering the initial HTML on the server and sending it to the client, reducing the time first to paint and improving search engine visibility.
44. Explain the concept of context in React. How would you use context to manage application-wide state?
Context provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. You can use context to manage application-wide state by creating a context provider and consumer.
45. How do you handle authentication and authorization in a React application? Can you explain the concept of higher-order components (HOC) and how you would use them for authorization?
Authentication and authorization can be handled using higher-order components (HOC) or render props. HOC can be used to wrap components and check if the user is authenticated before rendering them.
46. Explain the concept of code splitting in React. How would you implement code splitting in your application?
Code splitting is a technique used to split your code into smaller bundles that can be loaded on demand. You can use dynamic ‘import()’ in React to implement code splitting.
47. How do you optimize performance in a React application? Can you explain the use of memorization and lazy loading for performance optimization?
Performance in a React application can be optimized by using memoization to cache expensive computations and lazy loading to defer the loading of non-essential resources.
48. What are the advantages of using Redux with React? Can you explain how you would use Redux to manage complex application states?
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript applications. It can be used with React to manage the state of your application in a centralized store, making it easier to maintain and debug complex application states.
49. Explain the server-side rendering (SSR) concept in React. How would you implement SSR in your application?
SSR is a technique used to render React components on the server and send the HTML to the client. You can implement SSR in your application using libraries like Next.js or by setting up a custom server using Node.js.
50. How do you handle forms and form validation in a React application? Can you explain the use of controlled components for form handling?
Forms in React can be handled using controlled components, where form elements like input, textarea, and select maintain their own state. Form validation can be done using libraries like Formik or by writing custom validation logic.
51. What are portals in React, and how are they used? Can you provide an example of when you would use a portal in your application?
Portals are a way to render children into a DOM node that is outside the parent component’s DOM hierarchy. They are often used to render modal dialogs or tooltips.
52. Explain the concept of error boundaries in React. How would you implement an error boundary in your application?
Error boundaries are React components that catch JavaScript errors anywhere in their child component tree, log those errors, and display a fallback UI. You can implement an error boundary by creating a component that defines a ‘componentDidCatch’ method.
53. How do you handle routing in a React application? Can you explain how you would use React Router to handle nested routes?
Routing in a React application can be handled using the React Router library. You can define different routes in your application and render different components based on the URL. Nested routes can be defined using the ‘Route’ component.
54. What are refs in React, and how are they used? Can you provide an example of how you would use a ref in your application?
Refs are used to access the DOM nodes or React elements created in the render method. They are typically used to interact with the underlying DOM nodes directly. Example: ‘const inputRef = useRef(null);’
55. Explain the concept of memoization in React. How would you use memoization to optimize performance in your application?
Memoization is a technique used to cache the result of expensive computations. In React, you can use the ‘useMemo’ hook to memoize the result of a computation and recompute it only when the dependencies change.
56. How do you test React components? Can you explain the different testing libraries and frameworks available for React?
React components can be tested using libraries like Jest, Enzyme, and React Testing Library. Jest is a popular testing framework that comes with built-in support for React, while Enzyme and React Testing Library are libraries that provide additional utilities for testing React components.
57. What are the best practices for performance optimization in a React application?
Some best practices for performance optimization in a React application include using memoization to cache expensive computations, lazy loading components, optimizing images and other assets, and minimizing re-renders.
58. Explain the concept of controlled and uncontrolled components in React. How would you decide when to use controlled vs. uncontrolled components in your application?
Controlled components are those whose value is controlled by React, typically through state. Uncontrolled components, on the other hand, manage their own state internally. The decision to use controlled vs. uncontrolled components depends on the specific use case and requirements of the application.
59. How do you handle animations in a React application? Can you explain how you would use libraries like react-spring or CSS transitions for animations?
Animations in a React application can be handled using libraries like react-spring or by using CSS transitions. React-spring provides a set of hooks and components for creating fluid animations in React applications.
React JS "Practical" Questions With Answers For
Here are some of the most asked React JS coding tasks Interview questions with answers are for the candidates who want to get the job in React technology. T
60. Build a simple to-do list application where users can add, remove, and mark tasks as completed.
Requirements:
- Use functional components and hooks (‘useState,’ ‘useEffect’).
- Each to-do item should have a checkbox to mark it as completed.
- Display a list of tasks with an input field to add new tasks.
- Add a button to clear completed tasks.
import React, { useState } from 'react';
function ToDoApp() {
const [tasks, setTasks] = useState([]);
const [newTask, setNewTask] = useState('');
const addTask = () => {
if (newTask.trim() !== '') {
setTasks([...tasks, { text: newTask, completed: false }]);
setNewTask('');
}
};
const toggleTaskCompletion = (index) => {
const updatedTasks = tasks.map((task, i) =>
i === index ? { ...task, completed: !task.completed } : task
);
setTasks(updatedTasks);
};
const clearCompletedTasks = () => {
const activeTasks = tasks.filter(task => !task.completed);
setTasks(activeTasks);
};
return (
To-Do List
setNewTask(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Add a new task"
/>
{tasks.map((task, index) => (
-
toggleTaskCompletion(index)}
/>
{task.text}
))}
);
}
export default ToDoApp;
61. Create a component that fetches data from a public API (e.g: JSONPlaceholder) and displays it in a list.
Requirements:
- Use the ‘useEffect’ hook to fetch data on the component mount.
- Display a loading indicator while fetching data.
- Display the fetched data in a list format.
- Handle errors gracefully by displaying an error message if the fetch fails.
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
function DataFetching() {
const [data, setData] = useState([]);
const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
const [error, setError] = useState(null);
useEffect(() => {
fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts')
.then((response) => response.json())
.then((data) => {
setData(data);
setLoading(false);
})
.catch((error) => {
setError(error);
setLoading(false);
});
}, []);
if (loading) {
return Loading...;
}
if (error) {
return Error: {error.message};
}
return (
Data List
{data.map((item) => (
- {item.title}
))}
);
}
export default DataFetching;
62. Create a component that fetches data from a public API (e.g: JSONPlaceholder) and displays it in a list.
Requirements:
- Use the useEffect hook to fetch data on the component mount.
- Display a loading indicator while fetching data.
- Display the fetched data in a list format.
- Handle errors gracefully by displaying an error message if the fetch fails.
import React, { useState } from 'react';
function ToDoApp() {
const [tasks, setTasks] = useState([]);
const [newTask, setNewTask] = useState('');
const addTask = () => {
if (newTask.trim() !== '') {
setTasks([...tasks, { text: newTask, completed: false }]);
setNewTask('');
}
};
const toggleTaskCompletion = (index) => {
const updatedTasks = tasks.map((task, i) =>
i === index ? { ...task, completed: !task.completed } : task
);
setTasks(updatedTasks);
};
const clearCompletedTasks = () => {
const activeTasks = tasks.filter(task => !task.completed);
setTasks(activeTasks);
};
return (
To-Do List
setNewTask(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Add a new task"
/>
{tasks.map((task, index) => (
-
toggleTaskCompletion(index)}
/>
{task.text}
))}
);
}
export default ToDoApp;
63. Create a form with fields for name, email, and password. Implement client-side validation for each field.
Requirements:
- Use controlled components for form fields.
- Validate that the name is not empty, the email is in a proper format, and the password is at least 6 characters long.
- Display validation error messages below each field.
- Show a success message when the form is submitted correctly.
import React, { useState } from 'react';
function ValidationForm() {
const [formData, setFormData] = useState({ name: '', email: '', password: '' });
const [errors, setErrors] = useState({});
const validate = () => {
const errors = {};
if (!formData.name) errors.name = 'Name is required';
if (!formData.email) {
errors.email = 'Email is required';
} else if (!/\S+@\S+\.\S+/.test(formData.email)) {
errors.email = 'Email is invalid';
}
if (!formData.password) {
errors.password = 'Password is required';
} else if (formData.password.length < 6) {
errors.password = 'Password must be at least 6 characters';
}
return errors;
};
const handleSubmit = (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
const validationErrors = validate();
if (Object.keys(validationErrors).length > 0) {
setErrors(validationErrors);
} else {
console.log('Form data submitted:', formData);
setFormData({ name: '', email: '', password: '' });
setErrors({});
alert('Form submitted successfully!');
}
};
const handleChange = (e) => {
setFormData({ ...formData, [e.target.name]: e.target.value });
};
return (
);
}
export default ValidationForm;
64. Implement a theme switcher using React's Context API to toggle between light and dark themes.
Requirements:
- UCreate a context to hold the theme state (light or dark).
- Provide the context to the entire application.
- Add a button to toggle the theme.
- Apply different styles based on the current theme.
import React, { useState, useContext, createContext } from 'react';
const ThemeContext = createContext();
function ThemeProvider({ children }) {
const [theme, setTheme] = useState('light');
const toggleTheme = () => {
setTheme((prevTheme) => (prevTheme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light'));
};
return (
{children}
);
}
function ThemedComponent() {
const { theme, toggleTheme } = useContext(ThemeContext);
return (
The current theme is {theme}
);
}
function App() {
return (
);
}
export default App;
65. Build an accordion component that displays a list of items with collapsible content sections.
Requirements:
- Each item should have a title and content.
- Clicking on a title should expand or collapse its content.
- Only one item should be expanded at a time.
- Use state to manage which item is currently expanded.
import React, { useState } from 'react';
function Accordion({ items }) {
const [expandedIndex, setExpandedIndex] = useState(null);
const handleToggle = (index) => {
setExpandedIndex(expandedIndex === index ? null : index);
};
return (
{items.map((item, index) => (
handleToggle(index)}
style={{
cursor: 'pointer',
background: '#f1f1f1',
padding: '10px',
margin: '5px 0',
}}
>
{item.title}
{expandedIndex === index && (
{item.content}
)}
))}
);
}
function App() {
const items = [
{ title: 'Item 1', content: 'Content 1' },
{ title: 'Item 2', content: 'Content 2' },
{ title: 'Item 3', content: 'Content 3' },
];
return (
Accordion Example
);
}
export default App;